The voter is presented with the names of the nominated candidates and votes by choosing one, and only one, of them. The First Past The Post system is the simplest form of plurality/majority system, using single member districts and candidate-centred voting. Each system in essence makes use of voters’ second preferences to produce a winner with an absolute majority if one does not emerge from the first round of voting. Majoritarian systems, such as the Alternative Vote and the Two-Round System, try to ensure that the winning candidate receives an absolute majority (i.e. This system-with the change that voters vote for party lists instead of individual candidates-becomes the Party Block Vote. Voters have as many votes as there are seats to be filled, and the highest-polling candidates fill the positions regardless of the percentage of the vote they achieve. When this system is used in multi-member districts, it becomes the Block Vote. In an FPTP system (sometimes known as a plurality single-member district system) the winner is the candidate with the most votes but not necessarily an absolute majority of the votes. However, the way this is achieved in practice varies widely.įive varieties of plurality/majority systems can be identified: After votes have been cast and totalled, those candidates or parties with the most votes are declared the winners (there may also be additional conditions). The principle of plurality/majority systems is simple. LV is similar to the SNTV system, but voters have more than one vote (but less than the total number of candidates, as in the block vote system).” Three types of individual electoral systems-single non-transferable vote (SNTV), limited vote (LV) and Borda count (BC)-form part of a fourth electoral system family, in which the SNTV system is a multi-member-district system in which voters can cast one vote for one candidate. As women’s representation on average is higher in PR systems than in plurality/majority systems, strategically designing a mixed system (for instance, electing half of the members of parliament through a PR system and the other half using a plurality/majority system) can be an effective way to increase women’s representation. There are two kinds of mixed systems: parallel systems and mixed-member proportional systems. In a mixed system, voters’ choices are used to elect representatives using two different systems: one PR and one plurality/majority. There are two major types of PR systems: list PR and single transferable vote (STV). All PR systems require the use of multi-member districts. For example, a party that wins 30 per cent of the votes will receive approximately 30 per cent of the seats. Proportional representation (PR)is the electoral system family based on the principle of translating the overall votes of a party or grouping into a corresponding proportion of seats in an elected body. Such a system may use single-member districts (e.g., FPTP, alternative vote or the two-round system) or multi-member districts (e.g., block vote or party block vote). Plurality/majority systems are based on the principle that the candidate or party with a plurality of votes (i.e., more than any other) or a majority of votes (i.e., 50 per cent plus one-an absolute majority) is declared the winner. There are 12 individual electoral systems identified within these main families. There are three main electoral system families, classified according to how they translate votes into seats (plurality/majority, mixed and proportional systems) and a fourth family, into which individual systems that do not fit in the three main families are grouped. Ballot structure: which determines whether the voter votes for a candidate or a party, and whether the voter makes a single choice or expresses a series of preferences.Electoral formula: by which the winner of a seat is chosen and.District size: the number of representatives elected in one electoral district.Three key elements of any electoral system are: An electoral system is defined as “the manner in which votes are translated into seats.
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